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Ethical reflection of human smuggling in the contemporary discussion
Cahlík, Jakub ; Jinek, Jakub (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
The thesis deals with the phenomenon of human smuggling into the European Union and the subsequent ethical reflection on such behaviour. Human smuggling is an illegal activity, the eradication of which has become one of the main objectives of European policy to curb irregular migration in recent years. However, this has been done without reflecting on the specific acts of smuggling, which has resulted in the criminalisation of actions that are morally right and even necessary, as they help to fulfil the fundamental human rights of migrants. This thesis presents people smuggling into the EU in its entirety, provides the socio-historical context from which the phenomenon emerges, and outlines an approach to how people smuggling can be ethically evaluated in specific situations so as to avoid condemning humanitarian acts. Key words Human smuggling, human rights, state sovereignty, irregular migration, ethics
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The role of PMSCs in boosting the erosion of state sovereignty
Cirrone, Beatrice ; Ludvík, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
The end of the Cold War accelerated the privatization of security and the proliferation of private military security companies (PMSCs) in conflict-ridden areas, challenging the state's role as the sole and legitimate security provider. This thesis explores whether deploying PMSCs has resulted in the erosion of state sovereignty - understood as the monopoly of violence - in a country with weak state institutions, such as Sierra Leone. To address this, the methodology employs process tracing to examine if and how the hypothesized causal mechanism unfolds under specific circumstances, resulting in a change in sovereignty status. This change is measured through three indicators: political stability, control over territory, and control over natural resources. By conducting an in-depth case study of Sierra Leone during PMSCs deployment (1991-1998) in the fight against the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), this thesis reveals significant adverse impacts of PMSCs on the state sovereignty indicators. Firstly, PMSCs involvement led to an internal power redistribution, fueling competition among contractors, the army, and local militias. Secondly, while PMSCs provided short-term territorial gains, the Sierra Leonean army proved unable to maintain territorial stability, resulting in prolonged vulnerability and...
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Borders and their protection in the context of the International Human Rights Law and state sovereignty
Fárková, Iva ; Honusková, Věra (advisor) ; Flídrová, Eliška (referee)
Borders and their protection in the context of the International Human Rights Law and state sovereignty Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the state borders, especially their determination and protection in connection with the state sovereignty and contrast with human rights. It tries to answer the question of where the sovereignty and human rights meet within the protection of state borders. State borders define the state territory which is one of the features of the state, as perceived by Public International Law. The most precise definition of the state territory is essential from the point of view of the state itself, as it thus has an idea of the scope of its competence. The state exercises its territorial authority over its territory, just as it exercises its power over the inhabitants of that territory. At the same time, the state is obliged to ensure security on its territory and its inhabitants, which is related to the protection of the state borders and the need for their control by the state. The determination of the state borders and therefore their control is clearly related to state sovereignty. However, excessive protection and control of the borders can easily be in conflict with human rights, in particular the freedom of movement and residence. Then it is important to think and...
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Rusian approach to military intervention under the "Responsibility to Protect" principle
Prokopová, Barbora ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, the Russian Federation plays an important role in the debate over humanitarian interventions. These are defined by the Responsibility to Protect principle that allows international military intervention into internal political crisis of other countries in case the security of civilian population is in danger. Russia sent its army to Georgia in 2008 and Crimea in 2014 referring to this principle. However, it was Russia's reluctance to approve any intervention that governed the diplomatic negotiations during the Libyan civil war in 2011. The importance of the problem of various understanding of the R2P principle by different world powers is still crucial and is also clearly visible on the ongoing conflict in Syria. This thesis focuses on the approach of the Russian Federation to the Responsibility to Protect principle. It determines general factors that influence the issue of humanitarian intervention in the framework of Russian foreign policy, and puts Russian attitude to the overall context of the discussion about this principle. The thesis confirms the assumption that the R2P principle has become a Russian foreign policy instrument, which has been misused within the Russian sphere of interest and used to obstruct the interventions initiated by the...
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Sweden and European Integration in the Field of Security
Burda, Tomáš ; Jireš, Jan (advisor) ; Polášek, Martin (referee)
The thesis "Sweden and European Integration in the Field of Security" deals with the Swedish role in the military dimension of the EU"s Common Security Policy. The thesis applies the concept of "Integration Dilemma" that forms the basis of the theory of national integration policy formulated by Nikolaj Petersen. The thesis draws on Petersen"s premise that all states involved in integration sooner or later experience an integration dilemma constituted by difficult choices between preserving autonomy and exercising influence on other participants. According to Petersen the salience of the integration dilemma differs among states depending on their influence capability, stress sensitivity and degree of identification with ideological sources of integration. Petersen argues that to handle the dilemma, national governments will most likely use adaptive strategies typical for the "balancing policy" mode. Petersen also predicts that countries characterised by high stress sensitivity, limited influence capability and aloofness from the ethos of European integration will perceive the dilemma as highly salient. Petersen assumes that integration policies of those countries will also include strategies characteristic for the "acquiescent" or "quiescent" mode. Petersen"s hypotheses are tested in the analysis of...
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Classification of instruments in approved United Nations Security Council resolutions in 1991-2019
Novotná, Barbora ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to contribute to the debate concerning the rise of authority of International organizations (IOs) since the end of the cold war. This thesis works with the concepts of authority, "pooling" and "delegation" - these concepts describe how member states of IOs transmit their powers and competences to international organizations. This thesis deals with the study of state sovereignty and intrusiveness into state sovereignty as with the rise of globalization the importance of state territory decreases. State and non-state actors more and more with or without the consent of state actors interfere with state sovereignty of others. This work attempts to show this phenomenon on a study of approved United Nations Security Council resolutions between 1992 and 2019. From these resolutions were collected and categorized instruments according to how the Security Council interferes with state sovereignty by which it exercises its authority in the international system. A dataset was created consisting of approximately the third of all approved resolutions in this period (616 resolutions from 1778). In this dataset we can find almost 12 000 instruments categorized in 83 categories on the scale of index i from 0 to 5 according to how these instruments interfere with state sovereignty....
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Syria and Responsibility to Assist: A New Approach to Conflict Resolution?
Lanková, Kateřina ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The main aim of the master thesis titled "Syria and the concept responsibility to assist: new approach towards conflict resolution?" is to find out whether the extension of the doctrine of responsibility to protect by the concept of responsibility to assist that is based on the support of nonviolent movements could work as a new approach towards conflict resolution and thanks to this it could constitute another way of international assistance and civilian protection in cases when it is the regime that perpetrates the violence against its own population. For this reason the thesis, via the Syrian civil war that offers wide range of internal responses to the violence perpetrated by the regime against civilians, focuses on three different forms of international involvement and assistance. These are the international military intervention under the third pillar of R2P, the backing of domestic violent groups and insurgents and last but not least the assistance to nonviolent movements and civil initiatives in the form of R2A as a potential expansion of the second pillar under the R2P doctrine. These approaches are analyzed with regard to the issues of state sovereignty and moral responsibility to protect civilians that arises from the inconsistency of these two aspects in relation to any kind of...
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